I. Preparing for research.

To conduct scientific research, it is necessary to fully prepare all aspects for the research. The preparation step has a special position, it contributes to determining the quality of the research work. First of all, we start at the step of choosing a topic:

1. Choosing a topic.

For a university student, choosing a scientific topic can be difficult, because a research topic needs to satisfy specific requirements:

– The research topic must have scientific significance: supplementing the theoretical content of science, or clarifying some theoretical issues that are currently having many problems...

– The topic must be practical, expressed in satisfying an existing need in society, bringing practical value to both theory and practice.

– The topic must be suitable for the professional capacity, material conditions and time budget of the research group.

2. Collecting data.

Once a topic has been chosen, students need relevant data to build a solid foundation of knowledge about their research topic, and also provide a basis for the project based on reputable scientific documents.

To collect useful and reliable data, you can refer to the following methods:

– Search through instructors, usually teachers with many years of experience in research will collect a large amount of useful documents for the project.

– Search in the library or university document repository.

– Search in articles, scientific journals, scientific publications on the field related to the research topic.

– Search on websites that store scientific documents.

3. Identifying issues related to the topic.

To be best prepared, we must ask questions and answer questions surrounding the topic. Those issues are:

– Research subjects: Are people, things or phenomena that need to be considered and clarified in the research task.

– Research scope: Is the limit of surveying the research subject within a certain scope, including specific time and space.

– Research aims: Is the destination that the researcher wants to achieve after conducting the research.

– Research content: Is a description of the researcher's planned research process.

– Research method: Is the way and means to solve research tasks, is the most important issue that a researcher needs to clearly understand because determining the method will determine the direction suitable for the research requirements.

In the process of answering the questions about the above research problem, you should take notes and systematize them carefully to add to the research outline, which will be discussed below.

4. Planning - building an outline.

Research plan: Is a document summarizing the implementation steps and specific time for each step, as well as assigning work to each member of the research team.

Research outline: Is a document that plans the detailed content items of the research project, which is the basis for the researcher to rely on when carrying out activities in the implementation phase.

II. Implementing the research.

To achieve the set goals, we need to carry out countless tasks in both theory and practice, including making hypotheses, collecting and processing data, synthesizing the results and drawing conclusions. Starting from the first step:

1. Making hypotheses.

A scientific hypothesis is a hypothetical model, predicting the nature of the research object.

A scientific work is essentially proving a scientific hypothesis. Therefore, building a hypothesis is an important operation, helping us propose a direction to explore the research object, sometimes predicting the nature and operation of events and phenomena.

Although a scientific hypothesis is only a theoretical assumption, it still needs to comply with the following rules:

– The hypothesis must be able to explain the object or phenomenon that needs to be studied.

– The hypothesis must be capable of being verified by experiment.

2. Collecting and processing data.

2.1. Collecting data.

A research topic without data is no different from a wallet without a 500 bill. The insights from data analysis are the key for researchers to find new things, prove the proposed hypothesis and be the basis for defending their thesis.

Research students can find the necessary data by interviewing specific subjects, or looking up information from reputable sources (can search online or go to the agency where the information source is to ask directly).

The data also needs to satisfy the requirements set out, such as having high accuracy and reliability, having useful information to form a basis for evaluating hypotheses, closely related to the topic, etc.

2.2. Data processing.

Data processing is the process of using the researcher's comprehensive knowledge, the process of using dialectical and logical thinking along with scientific research methods to examine the subject.

The purpose of data processing is to collect, select and systematize different parts of information, of existing documents to find new aspects, new conclusions about the subject.

To thoroughly process the collected data, it is necessary to first filter out accurate and useful information, then analyze the data with special tools combined with the knowledge and thinking of the researcher, and finally synthesize and record the results obtained.

In the process of analyzing and processing information, it is necessary to pay attention to respecting the objectivity of events and numbers, the researcher must not subjectively impose according to his own intentions.

3. Verifying research results.

Throughout the research process, researchers inevitably make mistakes. Therefore, checking the results helps us avoid mistakes before reaching the final conclusion, bringing the research work to the most objective level.