Conducting a case study is one of the most effective learning methods in many academic disciplines, especially business, education, social sciences, and healthcare. It allows students to apply theories to real-life situations, analyze problems from multiple perspectives, and develop practical solutions. However, despite its benefits, many students struggle with various challenges throughout the case-study process. Understanding these difficulties is essential for improving both their learning experience and final outcomes.

One of the most common difficulties lies in understanding the case itself. Many case studies contain extensive background information, complex terminology, and multiple layers of issues. Students often find it challenging to identify which information is relevant and which details serve merely as context. When they focus too heavily on minor details, they may overlook the key problem or fail to notice underlying causes. This difficulty becomes greater when the case involves unfamiliar industries or specialized knowledge.

Another significant challenge is analyzing data and identifying the core problem. Case studies typically present symptoms rather than clear causes, requiring students to interpret data, compare sources, and draw logical conclusions. Without strong analytical skills, students may jump to solutions without properly diagnosing the issue. Additionally, many students struggle to differentiate between the main problem and secondary issues, leading to recommendations that are superficial or ineffective.

Time management also poses obstacles. Case studies often demand a systematic approach: reading, taking notes, conducting research, identifying frameworks, analyzing, and writing. Students who are not accustomed to this process may underestimate how much time each step requires. As deadlines approach, they might rush through important analytical stages, resulting in incomplete or poorly structured work.

Furthermore, applying theoretical frameworks is another area where students encounter difficulties. Instructors expect students to use models such as SWOT analysis, Porter’s Five Forces, the 4Ps, or root-cause analysis tools. However, many learners struggle to select the most suitable framework for a particular case. Even when they choose correctly, they may not know how to apply the model effectively or interpret the results in a meaningful way. As a result, their analysis may become mechanical rather than insightful.

Writing the final report also presents challenges. Students must organize their ideas clearly, provide evidence for their arguments, and present solutions logically. Some students find it difficult to maintain academic writing standards, such as coherence, clarity, and proper citation. Others may present too many ideas without prioritizing them, making their report lengthy but unfocused.

Finally, group-based case studies come with their own difficulties, including unequal participation, conflicting opinions, and inconsistent writing styles. Coordinating schedules, assigning tasks, and merging different writing sections into a cohesive report can be stressful, especially when group members have different working habits.

In conclusion, while case studies are valuable learning tools, they also present several challenges for students. These difficulties—ranging from understanding the case and applying theories to managing time and writing effectively—can hinder performance if not addressed. By developing analytical skills, improving time management, and practicing academic writing, students can overcome these obstacles and make the most of this powerful learning method.